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The most common type of arthritis afflicting children under the age of sixteen isjuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This is an autoimmune disorder in which inflammation results from the body's immune system misdirected attack on its own healthy joint structures. The precise origin of JIA is yet unknown; therefore, it is labelled "idiopathic." Usually, symptoms consist of joint discomfort, oedema, stiffness—especially in the morning—and tiredness. Occasionally it might harm the eyes and disrupt regular development and growth.
Based on the number of affected joints and whether systemic symptoms, including fever and rash, are present, JIA is categorised as oligoarticular, polyarticular, and systemic JIA. Control of inflammation, pain reduction, and avoidance of joint injury all depend on early diagnosis and treatment. Treatment regimens sometimes call for disease-modifying antirheumatic medications (DMARs), corticosteroids, and NSAIDs. Maintaining joint function and mobility also depends much on physical treatment and consistent exercise.

Although JIA is a lifetime illness, many youngsters go into remission with effective treatment. Managing the disease and guaranteeing a higher quality of life for afflicted children depend mostly on constant medical assistance, a healthy lifestyle, and family participation.