Pneumonia

Pneumonia is a frequent lung condition in which the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs fill with pus and fluid. Fluid or pus may collect in the air sacs. Breathing becomes difficult, and the amount of oxygen going to the body diminishes. The illness can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungus — or, less commonly, aspiration of food or liquids into the lungs. Pneumonia can happen to anyone. But certain people are more likely to become really ill. This includes newborns, the elderly, and persons with weakened immune systems.
Common symptoms include a cough with or without phlegm that persists, fever, chills, chest pain when breathing, difficulty breathing, fatigue, and quick breathing. Some older persons may become confused rather than develop the usual respiratory symptoms.

Doctors diagnose pneumonia with a physical exam, chest X-ray, blood tests, and if necessary, sputum testing to identify the organism causing the infection. Treatment depends on the cause, and may include antibiotics, antiviral drugs, antifungal medication, fever reducers, adequate fluids, and rest. Severe cases may need to be hospitalised and given oxygen.

Flu vaccination; pneumococcal vaccine. Correct hand washing. No smoking. Treatment of chronic disease. Timely intervention by a health professional, together with appropriate treatment, considerably improves recovery and helps prevent consequences such as respiratory failure or bloodstream infection.