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Metabolic alkalosis is a condition in which the blood becomes excessively alkaline because of increased bicarbonate levels or loss of acids from the body. It can develop when the body loses stomach acid through repeated vomiting, prolonged gastric suction, or certain gastrointestinal disorders. Excessive use of diuretics may also contribute by increasing fluid and electrolyte losses. Other causes include excessive bicarbonate intake, hormonal disorders, and low potassium levels.

features include muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, dizziness, and abnormal heart rhythms. Severe metabolic alkalosis may cause muscle spasms, reduced breathing, or neurological disturbances.

Diagnosis usually involves blood tests, particularly arterial or venous blood gas analysis and measurement of serum electrolytes. Healthcare professionals may also assess urine chloride levels and kidney function to identify the underlying cause.

Treatment focuses on correcting the specific trigger and restoring normal fluid and electrolyte balance. Intravenous saline may be used when fluid depletion is present, while potassium replacement can help correct associated hypokalaemia. In severe or persistent cases, additional medications or specialized treatment may be required.

Early recognition and appropriate management can help prevent complications and restore normal acid–base balance.