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Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney complication of long-term diabetes, especially with poorly controlled blood glucose levels over several years. High blood sugar damages the small blood vessels and filtering units in the kidneys, slowly diminishing their ability to eliminate waste from the body. Early indications include an excess of protein in the urine, particularly the protein albumin.

Diabetic nephropathy is often without symptoms in early stages. As kidney disease continues, a person may have swelling in the feet, ankles, or around the eyes; feel more fatigued than usual; notice changes in urination; or have nausea or loss of appetite. High blood pressure is a common cause of kidney disease, and it can get worse if it is not controlled.

A diagnosis is usually made by testing the urine for albumin, by blood tests to evaluate how well the kidneys are working, and by keeping track of blood pressure and blood glucose. It is vital to identify a problem early so treatment can halt or perhaps prevent additional kidney damage.”

Management is aimed at keeping blood glucose and blood pressure healthy with prescription medications, balanced eating, physical activity, and routine medical monitoring. Doctors may also suggest drugs to safeguard renal function and decrease the loss of protein in the urine. It is also good to avoid smoking and unneeded drugs, which may damage the kidneys.

If not properly managed, diabetic nephropathy can lead to chronic kidney disease and eventually to renal failure needing dialysis or transplant in advanced cases.