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Nephrotic Syndrome is a kidney disorder characterized by excessive protein loss through the urine due to damage to the kidney’s filtering units, called glomeruli. This condition can affect people of any age and may develop from primary kidney diseases or underlying conditions such as diabetes, lupus, infections, and certain medications.

The major features include heavy proteinuria, low blood protein levels, swelling, and increased blood cholesterol. Swelling commonly appears around the eyes, ankles, feet, and legs, and may become more widespread in severe cases. Some individuals may also experience fatigue, weight gain from fluid retention, foamy urine, or reduced appetite.

Diagnosis usually involves urine tests to measure protein loss, blood tests to assess kidney function and protein levels, and sometimes kidney imaging or a biopsy to determine the underlying cause. Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Doctors may recommend medicines that reduce protein loss, control blood pressure, manage cholesterol, or suppress abnormal immune activity when appropriate.

Dietary measures, including appropriate salt restriction and balanced protein intake, can help manage fluid retention and support overall health. Regular monitoring is important because nephrotic syndrome can increase the risk of infections, blood clots, high blood pressure, and progressive kidney damage. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help reduce complications and protect kidney function.