Hyperparathyroidism

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However, it has also introduced complex challenges related to
Hyperparathyroidism is a disorder in which one or more of the parathyroid glands generate too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). This hormone controls calcium and phosphate levels in the body largely by effects on bones, kidneys and vitamin D metabolism. Excess PTH can increase blood calcium levels and slowly impact a number of organs.

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism is a benign tumour (parathyroid adenoma), but more than one parathyroid gland may also become enlarged. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is common in chronic kidney illness or long-term vitamin D deficiency, causing the glands to become hyperactive in reaction to low calcium levels.

In other people, especially when the calcium level is only slightly too high, there may be no symptoms at all. Some may feel tired, weak in the muscles, have aches or pains in the bones or joints, experience constipation, excessive thirst, frequent urination, or abdominal pain, or have difficulty concentrating. Long-term sickness can lead to kidney stones, bone loss and osteoporosis.
Diagnosis is typically made by blood testing for calcium, PTH, phosphate, vitamin D, and renal function. Bone density testing and kidney imaging may also be recommended to check for problems.