Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland generates too much thyroid hormone, more than the body needs. These hormones regulate metabolism, heart rate, temperature and energy utilisation; thus, overproduction can induce various physical and emotional problems. The most prevalent cause is Graves’ disease; however, thyroid nodules, thyroiditis, certain drugs and excess iodine can all be causes.

Symptoms include unexpected weight loss despite normal or increased hunger; rapid or irregular heartbeat; excessive sweating; heat intolerance; agitation; irritability; tremors; exhaustion; and difficulty sleeping. Others could have more frequent bowel motions, muscle weakness or changes to their period. In Graves’ disease, you may experience eye symptoms such as dryness, irritation, oedema or bulging eyes.

Diagnosis is often made by blood tests detecting thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid hormones, especially free T4 and T3. Additional procedures such as thyroid antibody testing, ultrasonography or a radioactive iodine uptake study may assist in determining the underlying problem.

Treatment depends upon the origin, severity, age, and general health. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine treatment, and surgery. Beta-blockers can be useful to temporarily control symptoms such as a rapid heartbeat and tremors. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can reduce issues affecting the heart, bones, and other organs. Regular medical follow-up is needed to assess thyroid hormone levels and response to medication.