Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus(SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy tissues. It can affect several parts of the body, including the skin, joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, blood cells, and nervous system. SLE commonly develops in episodes, with periods of increased symptoms called flares followed by remission or reduced activity.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, joint pain and swelling, skin rashes, fever, sensitivity to sunlight, hair loss, and mouth ulcers. A characteristic butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose may occur, although it is not present in everyone. Kidney involvement can cause protein or blood in the urine and requires careful monitoring.

Diagnosis is based on medical history, physical examination, blood tests, urine tests, and assessment of organ involvement. Tests may include antinuclear antibodies and other specific immune markers.

Depending on severity, doctors may recommend hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive medicines, or targeted biological therapies. Regular follow-up, sun protection, balanced nutrition, physical activity, and adherence to prescribed treatment can support long-term disease management. Early recognition and appropriate care can significantly improve quality of life and outcomes.