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Viral hepatitis is an infection that causes inflammation of the liver and is generally caused by the hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E viruses. These infections vary in transmission and duration, severity, and available preventive methods. Hepatitis A and E are frequently transmitted by consuming food or drink contaminated with faeces, while hepatitis B, C, and D are mostly disseminated by exposure to infected blood or other body fluids.

Symptoms can include fatigue, fever, nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite, stomach discomfort, dark urine, pale faeces, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. However, some people may not have any obvious symptoms, especially in the early stages. Chronic hepatitis B and C can slowly destroy the liver and can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver failure, or liver cancer.

Diagnosis usually includes blood testing to detect viral indicators, antibodies, and liver-function problems. Treatment is dependent on the specific virus. Some infections resolve with supportive treatment. Chronic hepatitis B and C may need antiviral medications.

Prevention strategies include adequate hygiene, safe drinking water, vaccination against hepatitis A and B, screened blood products, safe injection procedures, and avoiding exchanging personal things that have been contaminated with blood. Early diagnosis and proper medical care can lessen problems considerably and maintain liver health.