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Castleman disease is a rare group of disorders affecting the lymphatic system, particularly the lymph nodes. It develops when immune cells become abnormally active, leading to excessive production of inflammatory substances such as interleukin-6. The condition may occur in a single lymph node region or involve multiple lymph node areas throughout the body.

Unicentric Castleman disease usually affects one lymph node region and may cause few or no symptoms. When symptoms occur, they can include swelling or pressure from an enlarged lymph node. Multicentric Castleman disease involves several lymph node regions and is generally associated with more widespread inflammation. Patients may experience fever, night sweats, fatigue, weight loss, swelling, anaemia, and abnormalities in blood tests.

Diagnosis may involve physical examination, blood investigations, imaging studies, and lymphn node biopsy. Identifying associated infections or immune disorders can also help determine the disease subtype.

Treatment depends on the type, severity, and underlying cause. Localised unicentric disease is often treated successfully with surgical removal of the affected lymph node. Multicentric disease may require medicines that control immune activity and inflammation, along with treatment of any associated condition. Regular medical monitoring is important because Castleman disease can sometimes cause significant systemic complications.