Medical Services

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome(HUS) is a serious condition characterised by the combination of microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia, low platelet levels and acute kidney injury. It commonly develops after an infection with Shiga toxin-producing bacteria, particularly certain strains of Escherichia coli, which may be transmitted through contaminated food, water or contact with infected individuals. Children are especially susceptible to infection-associated HUS.

Typical symptoms may begin with abdominal cramps, vomiting and bloody diarrhoea, followed by reduced urine production, fatigue, pallor, swelling and weakness as kidney function deteriorates. Laboratory investigations can reveal anaemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated markers of red-cell destruction and impaired renal function. A blood film may show fragmented red blood cells called schistocytes.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Supportive care is central and may include careful fluid and electrolyte management, blood transfusions when appropriate, blood pressure control and dialysis for severe kidney failure. Antibiotics and antimotility medicines may not be appropriate in certain toxin-mediated infections and should be guided by specialists. Atypical HUS, which may result from complement abnormalities, may require targeted complement-inhibiting therapy.

Early recognition and specialist management are essential because HUS can cause significant kidney damage and other complications. Most children recover with appropriate treatment, although some may develop persistent hypertension or chronic kidney disease.