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Paediatric haematology
disorders are disorders of the blood, bone marrow, lymphatic system or
the processes of blood formation in children. These include various genetic and
acquired illnesses affecting red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and
blood-clotting mechanisms. These include iron deficiency anaemia,
sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, haemophilia, immune thrombocytopaenia,
aplastic anaemia and childhood leukaemias.
Symptoms of leukaemia may
include tiredness that does not improve, pale skin, and frequent
infections. easy bruising for no reason, bleeding for a long time
after injury, bone or joint pain, swollen lymph nodes Poor growth. Some
genetic illnesses are present at birth, and others arise later in childhood.
Diagnosis is usually based
on extensive medical history and physical examination, complete blood
count, peripheral blood smear, iron studies, coagulation tests, or specific genetic
and bone marrow investigations. Treatment varies with the exact illness and
may include nutritional supplementation, blood transfusions,
medications, clotting-factor replacement, immunotherapy, chemotherapy,
or stem cell transplantation.
Blood problems in infancy impair growth and development, immunity, and quality of life, and so early diagnosis and adequate treatment are vital. Regular check-ups with paediatricians and haematology specialists help prevent issues and maintain healthy development.