Medical Services

Massive transfusion is the rapid transfusion of large amounts of blood and blood products. It is generally used in the setting of major surgery or serious haemorrhage. Life-saving can generate various issues that require rapid recognition and control.

Dilutional coagulopathy may occur when red blood cells are transfused without sufficient plasma and platelets, causing poor clot formation and bleeding diathesis. Thrombocytopenia can further impair haemostasis. Hypothermia is another significant consequence, as large volumes of frozen blood products can reduce body temperature, compromising coagulation and heart function.

Electrolyte problems may also occur. Calcium can be chelated by citrate contained in preserved blood products, resulting in hypocalcaemia, especially in the setting of rapid transfusion. Potassium problems may emerge as stored red cells leak potassium over time. 3. Depending on the severity of shock, tissue perfusion, and volume of transfusion, acid-base imbalances may arise.

Other potential risks include fluid overload, respiratory issues, transfusion responses, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypotension, organ malfunction, and tissue hypoxia may occur as a result of these complications. In severe cases, healthcare providers may observe hypotension, organ malfunction, and tissue hypoxia.
Prevention includes early control of haemorrhage, balanced transfusion of red cells, plasma and platelets, active warming and frequent monitoring of temperature, coagulation parameters, calcium, potassium, acid-base status and haemoglobin. A systematic large transfusion process helps coordinate treatment and decrease unnecessary complications.