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A Febrile Non-HaemolyticReaction (FNHTR) is a common adverse response that can occur during or shortly after a blood transfusion. It is characterised mainly by an unexpected rise in body temperature, often accompanied by chills, shivering, headache, nausea, or general discomfort. The reaction usually results from antibodies in the recipient’s blood reacting with white blood cells present in the transfused component. Cytokines that accumulate during blood storage can also contribute to the inflammatory response.

FNHTR is generally not life-threatening, but its symptoms can resemble more serious transfusion complications, including acute haemolytic reactions or bacterial contamination. Therefore, any suspected reaction requires prompt assessment. The transfusion should be stopped temporarily, the patient’s vital signs monitored, and appropriate investigations performed according to transfusion protocols.

Leucoreduction, which removes most white blood cells from blood components, has significantly reduced the frequency of FNHTRs. Patients who have experienced repeated reactions may benefit from leucoreduced blood products in future transfusions. Antipyretic medicines may be considered for symptom management when clinically appropriate.

Although FNHTR is usually mild and self-limiting, careful recognition and evaluation are essential to exclude potentially serious causes of fever during transfusion.