Medical Services

Iron overload, also known as haemochromatosis, is a condition in which excessive iron accumulates in the body over time. Normally, the body carefully regulates iron absorption, but haemochromatosis can cause the intestines to absorb more iron than needed. The excess iron is stored in organs and tissues, potentially causing progressive damage.

Hereditary haemochromatosis is commonly caused by inherited genetic changes that increase intestinal iron absorption. Secondary iron overload may occur because of repeated blood transfusions, certain blood disorders, liver diseases, or other medical conditions. Early stages may produce few or no symptoms, allowing iron to accumulate unnoticed.

Possible symptoms include persistent fatigue, joint pain, abdominal discomfort, weakness, changes in skin colour, and reduced sexual function. Advanced iron accumulation can damage the liver, heart, pancreas, and other organs, increasing the risk of cirrhosis, diabetes, heart problems, and hormonal disturbances.

Diagnosis generally involves blood tests measuring transferrin saturation and ferritin levels, followed by genetic testing or imaging when appropriate. Treatment aims to reduce excess iron and prevent organ damage. Therapeutic phlebotomy, involving regular removal of blood, is the standard treatment for many people with hereditary haemochromatosis. Iron-chelating medicines may be considered when blood removal is unsuitable.

Early detection and ongoing monitoring can significantly reduce complications. Medical guidance is important because treatment needs to be tailored to the severity and underlying cause of iron overload.