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Light Chain Disease is a rare condition associated with abnormal production of immunoglobulin light chains by plasma cells. These proteins are normally part of antibodies that help the immune system identify and fight infections. In this disorder, excessive or abnormal light chains may circulate in the blood and become deposited in organs, particularly the kidneys.

Kidney involvement is a major concern because accumulated light chains can damage the filtering structures and reduce renal function. Some patients may develop proteinuria, swelling, fatigue, or changes in urine output. In advanced cases, significant kidney impairment or kidney failure can occur. Light Chain Disease may also be associated with underlying plasma cell disorders, including multiple myeloma or other monoclonal gammopathies.

Diagnosis usually involves blood and urine testing to detect abnormal free light chains and monoclonal proteins. Additional investigations may include kidney function tests, imaging, bone marrow examination, or a tissue biopsy when necessary.

Treatment focuses on controlling the abnormal plasma cells and preventing further organ damage. Depending on the underlying cause, therapy may include targeted medicines, chemotherapy-based regimens, immunomodulatory treatment, or stem cell transplantation. Early diagnosis and regular monitoring are important for protecting kidney function and improving long-term outcomes.