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Solitary Plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell disorder in which abnormal plasma cells form a single tumour, usually in a bone or soft tissue. Unlike multiple myeloma, it is characterised by a localised collection of abnormal plasma cells without widespread involvement of the bone marrow. It most commonly develops in the spine, pelvis, ribs, or other bones, while soft-tissue plasmacytomas may occur in the head, neck, or respiratory tract.

Symptoms depend on the tumour’s location. Bone lesions can cause persistent, localised pain, swelling, or fractures. Soft-tissue plasmacytomas may lead to symptoms such as nasal blockage, difficulty swallowing, or breathing problems when located in the upper airway.

Diagnosis usually involves imaging studies, such as X-rays, CT, MRI, or PET scans, along with a biopsy to confirm abnormal plasma cells. Blood and urine tests are also performed to look for monoclonal proteins and assess whether there is evidence of multiple myeloma. Bone marrow evaluation may be recommended to exclude significant systemic disease.

Radiotherapy is the primary treatment because plasmacytoma is generally highly sensitive to radiation. Surgery may be considered when the tumour causes structural instability, neurological problems, or significant compression. Long-term follow-up is essential because some patients may eventually develop multiple myeloma. Regular blood tests, imaging, and clinical assessments help detect progression early and guide further management.