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Multiple Myeloma is a type of blood cancer that develops in plasma cells, a specialised group of white blood cells found mainly in the bone marrow. These cells normally produce antibodies that help the body fight infections. In Multiple Myeloma, abnormal plasma cells multiply uncontrollably and produce an excess of an abnormal protein called monoclonal protein or M protein.

The disease can interfere with normal blood cell production and may cause anaemia, leading to tiredness, weakness, and breathlessness. It can also affect the bones, resulting in persistent bone pain, fractures, or weakened bones. Increased calcium levels in the blood and reduced kidney function may occur in some patients. Recurrent infections are also possible because abnormal plasma cells do not provide effective immune protection.

Diagnosis may involve blood and urine tests, bone marrow examination, imaging studies, and specialised protein tests. Treatment depends on factors such as age, overall health, disease stage, and response to therapy. Common approaches include targeted medicines, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and stem cell transplantation for suitable patients.

Although Multiple Myeloma is generally considered treatable rather than curable, modern therapies can control the disease, reduce complications, and improve quality of life. Regular monitoring helps doctors assess treatment response and detect recurrence or progression.