Medical Services

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL) is a slow-progressing blood and bone marrow cancer that primarily affects B lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell responsible for immune defence. In CLL, abnormal lymphocytes accumulate in the blood, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen, reducing the body's ability to fight infections effectively. It is the most common form of leukaemia in adults and usually develops after the age of 60.

Many people with CLL experience no symptoms in the early stages, and the condition is often discovered during routine blood tests showing an elevated lymphocyte count. As the disease advances, symptoms may include persistent fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, unexplained weight loss, frequent infections, night sweats, and an enlarged spleen.

Diagnosis involves complete blood count (CBC), peripheral blood smear, flow cytometry, and genetic tests that help determine prognosis and guide treatment decisions. Some patients with early-stage CLL only require regular monitoring, known as "watchful waiting."

When treatment becomes necessary, options include targeted therapies, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, or combination treatments depending on the individual's condition and genetic profile. With modern therapies, many people with CLL achieve long-term disease control, maintain a good quality of life, and benefit from regular medical follow-up and supportive care.