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Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia (CML) is a type of blood cancer that develops in the bone marrow and causes the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells. It is usually associated with a genetic change called the Philadelphia chromosome, which produces the BCR-ABL1 protein. This protein promotes continuous growth and multiplication of leukaemia cells.

CML often develops gradually and may not cause noticeable symptoms in its early stages. Some people are diagnosed during routine blood tests showing an unusually high white blood cell count. When symptoms occur, they may include tiredness, weakness, unexplained weight loss, night sweats, fever, reduced appetite, or a feeling of fullness in the upper left abdomen due to an enlarged spleen.

Diagnosis commonly involves a complete blood count, blood smear, bone marrow examination, and molecular or genetic testing to detect the BCR-ABL1 gene. Treatment has significantly improved with targeted medicines known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which block the abnormal protein responsible for CML cell growth. Regular monitoring helps doctors assess treatment response and control the disease effectively.

With appropriate treatment and ongoing medical follow-up, many people with CML can achieve long-term disease control and maintain a good quality of life.