Pure Red Cell Aplasia

Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA) is a rare blood disorder in which the bone marrow produces very few or no red blood cell precursors. Unlike many other blood disorders, white blood cells and platelets are usually produced normally. The resulting shortage of red blood cells can cause severe anaemia and reduced oxygen delivery throughout the body.

Possible triggers include autoimmune disorders, certain viral infections, thymoma, medications, and other underlying diseases. In some cases, it may be associated with inherited genetic abnormalities.

Common symptoms are related to anaemia and may include persistent tiredness, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, and reduced exercise tolerance. Diagnosis generally involves a complete blood count, reticulocyte count, and bone marrow examination. The marrow typically shows a marked reduction or absence of erythroid precursors while other cell lines remain relatively preserved.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include stopping a causative medicine, treating an associated disorder, blood transfusions, immunosuppressive therapy, or other specialist-directed treatments. Patients with persistent PRCA require careful monitoring because prolonged anaemia can significantly affect quality of life. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help restore red blood cell production and prevent complications.