Myelofibrosis

Myelofibrosis is a rare chronic blood disorder in which abnormal bone marrow activity leads to the formation of scar tissue, reducing the marrow’s ability to produce healthy blood cells. It belongs to a group of conditions called myeloproliferative neoplasms and can develop on its own or occur after another blood disorder.

As bone marrow function declines, the body may produce fewer red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Anaemia can cause persistent tiredness, weakness, dizziness, and shortness of breath. Reduced platelets may increase bruising or bleeding, while abnormal white blood cell production can affect immunity. Myelofibrosis may also cause an enlarged spleen, resulting in abdominal discomfort, early fullness after meals, or pain beneath the ribs. Some patients experience fever, night sweats, weight loss, or bone and joint discomfort.

Diagnosis commonly involves blood tests, peripheral blood examination, bone marrow biopsy, and molecular or genetic testing to identify characteristic mutations. Treatment depends on symptoms, disease risk, age, and overall health. Management may include medicines to control symptoms and reduce spleen enlargement, treatments for anaemia, blood transfusions, or other supportive therapies. In selected patients, an allogeneic stem cell transplant may offer the possibility of long-term disease control. Regular medical monitoring helps assess progression and treatment response.