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Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a potentially serious condition that occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery within the lungs. In many cases, the clot develops in a deep vein of the leg or pelvis and travels through the bloodstream to the lungs. This blockage can reduce blood flow and interfere with normal oxygen exchange.

Symptoms may develop suddenly and can vary depending on the size of the clot. Common signs include shortness of breath, chest pain that may worsen with breathing, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, coughing, and unexplained anxiety. Severe pulmonary embolism can cause low blood pressure, fainting, or strain on the heart and requires immediate medical attention.

Risk factors include prolonged immobility, recent surgery, serious injury, pregnancy, obesity, certain cancers, smoking, hormonal medications, and a previous history of blood clots. Diagnosis may involve clinical assessment, blood tests such as D-dimer, and imaging studies including CT pulmonary angiography or ventilation-perfusion scanning.

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition and usually involves anticoagulant medicines to prevent clot growth and reduce the risk of recurrence. Severe cases may require clot-dissolving medicines or procedures to remove the clot.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential because untreated pulmonary embolism can become life-threatening.