Haemophilia A

Haemophilia is a rare inherited bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly because an essential clotting factor is missing or present at a low level. The two main types are Haemophilia A, caused by reduced factor VIII, and Haemophilia B, caused by reduced factor IX. Both conditions can lead to prolonged or spontaneous bleeding, particularly when clotting factor levels are significantly reduced.

Haemophilia is usually inherited through changes in genes located on the X chromosome and predominantly affects males, although females can also experience symptoms. Common manifestations include easy bruising, prolonged bleeding after cuts or dental procedures, frequent nosebleeds, and excessive bleeding following surgery or injuries. Repeated bleeding into joints and muscles may cause pain, swelling, stiffness, and long-term joint damage.

Diagnosis involves blood tests that assess clotting function and measure specific clotting factor levels. Treatment depends on the severity and type of haemophilia. Replacement therapy with the missing clotting factor is a standard approach, while non-factor therapies and other medicines may be suitable for selected patients. Preventive treatment can reduce bleeding episodes and protect joint health. Regular follow-up with a haematology specialist helps patients manage the condition safely and maintain an active quality of life.