Eosinophilia

Eosinophilia is a condition in which the number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, becomes higher than the normal range. Eosinophils are part of the immune system and help the body respond to certain infections, allergens, and inflammatory processes. Eosinophilia may be temporary or persistent and can occur at any age.

Common causes include allergic conditions such as asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis, as well as parasitic infections. Certain medications, autoimmune disorders, skin diseases, and some blood or bone marrow disorders may also increase eosinophil levels. In some individuals, no underlying cause is immediately identified.

Mild eosinophilia may produce no noticeable symptoms and is often discovered during a routine complete blood count. When eosinophil levels are significantly elevated or remain high for a prolonged period, symptoms may develop depending on the organs affected. These can include fatigue, cough, breathing difficulties, abdominal discomfort, skin rashes, or unexplained fever.

Diagnosis generally involves a blood test followed by evaluation of the person's medical history, medications, allergies, travel exposure, and possible infections. Additional investigations may be recommended to identify the underlying cause.
Treatment focuses on managing the condition responsible for eosinophilia.

Depending on the cause, treatment may include antiparasitic medicines, allergy management, corticosteroids, or specialist therapies for certain blood disorders. Early evaluation of persistent eosinophilia can help prevent potential organ complications.