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Anaemia of Chronic Disease(ACD), also known as anaemia of inflammation, is a frequent type of anaemia that occurs in individuals with chronic infections, autoimmune illnesses, kidney disease, cancer or other chronic inflammatory conditions. Unlike iron deficiency anaemia, there is enough iron in the body, but inflammation prevents its efficient use to make healthy red blood cells.
The syndrome occurs because inflammatory chemicals stimulate production of hepcidin, a hormone that inhibits iron absorption and locks iron in body storage. This results in fewer red blood cells being made in the bone marrow and less oxygen being supplied across the body.

Common symptoms are persistent tiredness, weakness, pale complexion, breathlessness on exertion, disorientation and impaired exercise tolerance. These symptoms frequently develop slowly and can overlap with symptoms of the underlying illness.

Diagnosis is by blood tests, including complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and other iron studies to differentiate ACD from iron deficiency anaemia.

The treatment is mostly directed at controlling the underlying chronic condition. Depending on the severity of the anaemia and the patient's overall condition, iron therapy, erythropoiesis-stimulating drugs or blood transfusions may sometimes be indicated. Regular medical follow-up is important to evaluate recovery and prevent problems.