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Internal hernia is a medical condition in which an internal organ, most commonly a portion of the small intestine, protrudes through a defect or opening within the abdominal cavity. Unlike external hernias, which create a visible bulge beneath the skin, internal hernias occur entirely inside the body and are often difficult to detect. They may develop due to congenital abnormalities, surgical procedures, trauma, or defects in the tissues that support abdominal organs.

When a segment of the intestine becomes trapped within an internal opening, the normal passage of intestinal contents can be blocked. In severe cases, blood flow to the affected bowel may become compromised, leading to tissue damage, ischemia, or bowel necrosis. These complications require urgent medical attention.

Common symptoms include intermittent abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, bloating, and episodes of bowel obstruction. Symptoms may vary in intensity and can sometimes appear and disappear, making diagnosis challenging. Imaging techniques, particularly computed tomography (CT) scans, play an important role in identifying the condition.

Treatment usually involves surgical intervention to reposition the affected intestine and close the defect responsible for the hernia. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are essential to prevent life-threatening complications and preserve intestinal function.