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Zinc deficiency is a nutritional disorder that occurs when the body does not receive or absorb enough zinc, an essential mineral required for immune function, growth, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and normal cell development. Since the body cannot store large amounts of zinc, regular dietary intake is necessary to maintain optimal health. Deficiency may result from poor nutrition, digestive disorders that reduce absorption, chronic illnesses, restrictive diets, alcoholism, or increased nutritional requirements during pregnancy and childhood.

Common symptoms include frequent infections, slow wound healing, hair loss, reduced appetite, changes in taste or smell, skin rashes, and poor growth in children. Individuals with zinc deficiency may also experience fatigue, impaired concentration, delayed sexual development, and reduced fertility in severe or prolonged cases. Because zinc supports numerous enzyme functions, inadequate levels can affect multiple body systems.

Diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation, dietary assessment, and laboratory tests when required. Treatment focuses on correcting the underlying cause and increasing zinc intake through foods such as meat, poultry, seafood, beans, lentils, nuts, seeds, whole grains, and fortified cereals. Zinc supplements may be recommended under medical supervision for moderate or severe deficiency. Early identification and treatment help restore immune function, promote healthy growth, improve healing, and prevent long-term health complications.