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Thiamine deficiency is a nutritional disorder caused by inadequate levels of vitamin B1, an essential nutrient required for converting carbohydrates into energy and maintaining healthy nerve, muscle, and heart function. Since the body stores only small amounts of thiamine, a continuous dietary supply is necessary. Deficiency may develop due to poor nutrition, chronic alcohol consumption, gastrointestinal disorders affecting nutrient absorption, prolonged vomiting, or after certain bariatric surgeries.

Common symptoms include persistent fatigue, weakness, irritability, reduced appetite, tingling or numbness in the hands and feet, muscle pain, and difficulty concentrating. In severe cases, thiamine deficiency can lead to beriberi, affecting the cardiovascular or nervous system, or Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a serious neurological condition characterized by confusion, impaired coordination, memory loss, and vision abnormalities.

Diagnosis involves evaluating clinical symptoms, dietary history, and, when necessary, laboratory tests to assess thiamine status. Treatment focuses on restoring vitamin B1 levels through oral supplements or injections in severe cases, along with correcting underlying nutritional deficiencies. Consuming thiamine-rich foods such as whole grains, legumes, nuts, seeds, pork, fortified cereals, and green vegetables supports recovery and prevention. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to prevent permanent neurological damage and restore normal body function.