Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common type of anaemia and occurs when the body doesn’t have enough iron to make enough haemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen. With less haemoglobin, tissues and organs receive less oxygen, which leads to lower energy levels and poorer physical performance. Iron insufficiency can be due to insufficient consumption of food, persistent bleeding, poor absorption of iron, pregnancy, or several gastrointestinal disorders. It is also a typical dietary problem after bariatric surgery because of reduced iron absorption.

You may feel constantly exhausted, weak, pale, and light-headed, and suffer from headaches, shortness of breath on exertion, cold hands and feet, brittle nails, and difficulties concentrating. Severe cases may also include a high heart rate, chest pain, or strange cravings for non-food items (called pica).

Blood tests, which measure haemoglobin, haematocrit, ferritin, and iron, are used to make the diagnosis. Lean meat, beans, spinach, fortified cereals, and lentils are recommended, along with vitamin C-rich foods to aid iron absorption. Early diagnosis and proper treatment, along with regular follow-up, can restore normal red blood cell production, boost energy levels, and help prevent long-term complications.