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Menstrual irregularities refer to changes in the normal menstrual cycle, including variations in cycle length, flow, frequency, or duration. A healthy menstrual cycle typically occurs every 21–35 days, but irregular periods may be too frequent, too infrequent, unusually heavy, excessively light, or completely absent. These changes can affect females of reproductive age and may indicate an underlying health condition.

Common causes include hormonal imbalances, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, excessive stress, obesity, sudden weight loss, intense physical activity, pregnancy, menopause, and certain medications. Nutritional deficiencies and chronic illnesses may also contribute to abnormal menstrual patterns.

Symptoms may include missed periods, prolonged bleeding, spotting between periods, severe menstrual cramps, heavy blood loss, or unpredictable cycle timing. Persistent menstrual irregularities can impact fertility, emotional well-being, and overall quality of life if left untreated.

Diagnosis involves reviewing medical history, menstrual tracking, physical examination, blood tests to evaluate hormone levels, pregnancy testing, and imaging studies such as pelvic ultrasound when necessary. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include lifestyle modifications, stress management, weight optimization, hormone therapy, oral contraceptives, or treatment of associated medical conditions.

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition, regular exercise, and routine gynecological checkups can help support menstrual health and reduce the risk of recurring menstrual irregularities.