Medical Services

Female infertility is a major global health concern, defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular, unprotected sexual intercourse in women under 35, or after 6 months in women over 35. Approximately 12.7% of reproductive-age women in the US seek infertility treatment annually. About 30–45% of infertility cases involve female factors.

Most cases result from problems with egg production or release. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) causes irregular ovulation or poor-quality eggs. Primary ovarian insufficiency leads to premature ovarian failure before natural menopause. Other causes include blocked or damaged fallopian tubes from pelvic inflammatory disease or prior surgery, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, thyroid disorders, and hormonal imbalances. Age significantly impacts fertility, with conception probability declining after 35.

Diagnosis involves fertility tests, hormone evaluations, hysterosalpingography, and imaging. Treatment options include ovulation induction with medications like clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins, intrauterine insemination (IUI), uterine surgery to remove fibroids, tubal surgery, and in vitro fertilization (IVF). IVF offers high success rates for tubal disease or severe endometriosis. Overall, 50% of women achieve successful treatment. Early intervention and addressing underlying causes improve conception chances significantly.