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Knee osteoarthritis is a chronic joint disorder that develops when the protective cartilage cushioning the knee gradually wears away. As cartilage deteriorates, bones begin to rub against each other, leading to pain, stiffness, inflammation, and reduced flexibility. The condition commonly affects older adults, although obesity, previous knee injuries, repetitive stress, and genetic factors can increase the risk at any age.

Symptoms often begin gradually and worsen over time. Individuals may experience persistent knee pain, swelling, tenderness, grinding sensations, decreased range of motion, and difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or standing for long periods. Morning stiffness or discomfort after periods of inactivity is also common.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history review, and imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI scans to assess joint damage. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, preserving joint function, and slowing disease progression. Lifestyle modifications, weight management, regular low-impact exercise, physical therapy, pain-relieving medications, and supportive braces are commonly recommended. In advanced cases where conservative treatments are ineffective, knee replacement surgery may be considered.

Maintaining a healthy body weight, staying physically active, strengthening surrounding muscles, and seeking early medical care can significantly improve mobility, reduce pain, and enhance the quality of life for individuals living with knee osteoarthritis.