Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions worldwide, especially older adults. It occurs when the protective cartilage cushioning the ends of bones gradually wears down, allowing bones to rub against each other. This degenerative joint disease leads to chronic pain, stiffness after rest or inactivity, swelling, and loss of motion. Commonly affected joints include the knees, hips, hands, and spine.

Risk factors include age, obesity, joint injury, genetics, and repetitive stress on joints. Unlike inflammatory arthritis, OA develops slowly over the years. Symptoms often worsen with activity and improve with rest initially, but may become persistent as the condition progresses.

There is no cure, but symptoms can be managed through lifestyle changes, exercise, weight control, physical therapy, and medications like pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs. In severe cases, joint replacement surgery may be considered. Early diagnosis and consistent management help maintain mobility and quality of life. Osteoarthritis significantly impacts daily functioning, making multidisciplinary care involving physicians, physiotherapists, and nutritionists essential for effective long-term management.