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Insulin resistance refers to a metabolic disorder where the ability of the body’s cells to respond to the hormone insulin decreases. Insulin carries glucose from the blood into cells to be used as energy. If the cells aren’t responding well, the pancreas produces extra insulin to compensate. This greater demand might put a burden on the pancreas and raise blood sugar levels over time.

Insulin resistance is thought to be one of the key underlying causes of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and several metabolic diseases. It is often connected with high body weight, particularly abdominal obesity; physical inactivity; poor food habits; chronic stress; and hereditary predisposition.

Medical diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), fatty liver disease, and metabolic syndrome have also been linked to insulin resistance.

Many individuals with insulin resistance may not have any evident symptoms in the early stages. But some people may gain weight around the waist, feel tired, become hungrier, or develop darker patches of skin called acanthosis nigricans.

Early diagnosis and treatment are important to avoid complications. Insulin sensitivity can be greatly improved by lifestyle modifications such as regular exercise, weight management, balanced nutrition, proper sleep, and stress reduction. By tackling insulin resistance in its early stages, people can lower their chances of getting Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and other long-term metabolic health problems.