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Acoustic neuroma (also known as vestibular schwannoma) is a benign, usually slow-growing tumour on the vestibulocochlear nerve, which connects the inner ear to the brain. This nerve carries information about sound and balance and is often compromised by the disorder, which can lead to hearing and balance problems. An auditory neuroma is benign but can be harmful if it grows large enough to push on neighbouring brain areas.

The most common symptom is progressive loss of hearing in one ear, sometimes associated with tinnitus, a ringing or buzzing sound. Many people also suffer dizziness, unsteadiness or balance difficulties. Sometimes, if the tumour involves nearby nerves, it might cause numbness or paralysis in the face.

The aetiology of most auditory neuromas is not understood, but some have been related to a genetic disorder called 'Neurofibromatosis Type 2'. Doctors usually diagnose it with hearing tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to see how big the tumour is and where it is located.

Treatment varies depending on the rate of growth of the tumour, symptoms, age and general health. Options are regular monitoring, stereotactic radiosurgery or surgical removal. Early diagnosis and proper treatment may help retain hearing, improve balance and decrease the risk of complications, leading to better long-term results and quality of life.