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Ménière’s Disease is a disorder of the inner ear that causes episodes of vertigo, hearing loss, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and a feeling of fullness in the ear.

Meniere’s disease is a persistent inner ear illness that leads to hearing and balance problems. It is characterised by recurrent attacks of vertigo, variable hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing or buzzing in the ears), and a feeling of fullness or pressure in the affected ear. These symptoms may develop quickly and continue from a few minutes to a few hours, typically interfering with everyday activities and quality of life.

The specific aetiology of Ménière’s illness is not known, although it is thought to be related to an abnormal build-up of fluid in the inner ear. It may be caused by several factors, including genetic predisposition, viral infections, autoimmune responses, allergies or disrupted fluid control. It most typically affects adults aged between 20 and 60 but can occur at any age.

When a vertigo attack occurs, a person can experience extreme dizziness, nausea, vomiting, loss of balance and difficulties concentrating. Hearing loss is generally fluctuating in the early stages but may become permanent if the problem worsens.

Diagnosis often includes hearing tests, vestibular examinations, and a full medical evaluation to rule out other problems. Treatment may involve dietary changes, drugs to treat vertigo, vestibular rehabilitation, stress management and surgery in extreme situations. Early identification and appropriate management can help relieve symptoms and improve long-term outcomes.