Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) is the most common cause of vertigo, an inner-ear balance disorder in which tiny calcium carbonate crystals (otoconia) become dislodged and migrate into the semicircular canals. These misplaced crystals disrupt normal fluid movement, sending false signals to the brain about head position and triggering sudden, brief episodes of intense spinning sensation.

The exact cause is often unknown (idiopathic), but head trauma, inner ear conditions, osteoporosis, or prolonged bed rest can trigger it. The primary treatment is the Epley maneuver, a series of guided head and body movements performed by healthcare professionals that reposition the crystals back to their proper location, often providing immediate relief. This 5-minute procedure may need to be repeated if symptoms recur. Medications for motion sickness may temporarily ease nausea but don't cure BPPV. Vestibular rehabilitation exercises and home repositioning techniques also help prevent future episodes.