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Graft failure after bypass surgery is a complication that can occur following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), a procedure used to improve blood flow to the heart by bypassing blocked coronary arteries. During bypass surgery, healthy blood vessels from another part of the body are used to create a new route for blood flow. Over time, these grafts may fail due to narrowing, blockage, or clot formation, limiting blood supply to the heart muscle.

Early graft failure often happens within the first month after surgery and may result from technical issues, clotting, or poor healing. Late graft failure can develop years later due to progressive atherosclerosis or degeneration of the graft vessel. Common symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and in severe cases, a heart attack.

Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and poor medication adherence. Diagnosis usually involves stress testing, Coronary Angiography, or advanced cardiac imaging to assess graft function.

Treatment depends on severity and may include medications, lifestyle changes, repeat angioplasty with stenting, or in some cases, another surgery. Long-term follow-up and risk-factor management are essential to improve graft durability and overall heart health.