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Transcatheter Valve Dysfunction refers to the impaired performance or failure of an implanted transcatheter heart valve, commonly placed during Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) or other catheter-based valve procedures. This condition can occur due to structural valve degeneration, thrombosis (blood clot formation), valve malposition, paravalvular leak, infection, or mechanical failure over time. Dysfunction may develop early after implantation or years later, depending on the underlying cause.

Patients with transcatheter valve dysfunction may experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, chest discomfort, dizziness, swelling in the legs, or worsening heart failure symptoms. In some cases, dysfunction may remain silent and only be detected during routine follow-up imaging. Diagnosis typically involves Echocardiography, CT scans, and sometimes cardiac catheterization to assess valve function and blood flow.

Treatment depends on the severity and cause. Mild cases may require monitoring and medication, including anticoagulants if thrombosis is suspected. More severe dysfunction may need repeat intervention, such as valve-in-valve replacement or surgical correction. Regular follow-up after transcatheter valve implantation is essential for early detection, preserving valve longevity, and preventing serious cardiovascular complications.