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Renovascular Hypertension is a type of secondary high blood pressure caused by narrowing or blockage of one or both arteries supplying blood to the kidneys, a condition often linked to Renal Artery Stenosis. Reduced blood flow makes the kidneys believe blood pressure is too low, prompting them to release hormones such as renin, which activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and raises blood pressure throughout the body.

Common causes include atherosclerosis in older adults and fibromuscular dysplasia in younger individuals, especially women. Symptoms may not appear early, but resistant hypertension, sudden worsening of blood pressure, kidney dysfunction, or fluid retention can suggest the condition. Some patients may also experience headaches, swelling, or shortness of breath.

Diagnosis involves blood pressure assessment, kidney function tests, Doppler ultrasound, CT angiography, or magnetic resonance angiography to evaluate renal blood vessels. Treatment focuses on controlling blood pressure using medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs, along with lifestyle changes such as reducing salt intake and quitting smoking. In severe cases, angioplasty with stenting or surgical repair may be necessary to restore proper blood flow and protect kidney function.