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Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM is characterised by dilation and weakening in the heart chambers, especially the left ventricle. This affects the heart’s ability to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body, which typically leads to heart failure and other issues. DCM can be caused by genetic factors, viral infections, chronic alcohol misuse, certain drugs, or autoimmune illnesses, or it might be idiopathic (unknown cause).

Common symptoms include fatigue, shortness of breath, swelling in the legs or ankles, irregular heartbeat, dizziness, and decreased exercise tolerance. Sometimes symptoms develop slowly and can be difficult to detect early. Doctors use tests such as echocardiograms, electrocardiograms (ECG), cardiac MRIs, and blood tests to diagnose DCM.

Treatment aims to improve heart function, relieve symptoms, and prevent problems. The regimen may include drugs such as ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, diuretics, and blood thinners. In severe circumstances, implantation of devices such as pacemakers, implanted cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), or even a heart transplant may be indicated.

Some lifestyle adjustments, including a heart-healthy diet, regular monitoring, restricting salt intake, and avoiding alcohol and smoking, can be very beneficial in managing Dilated Cardiomyopathy and improving the quality of life.