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Congenital valve diseases are cardiac valve anomalies that arise prior to birth and are typically caused by incomplete valve leaflet production, aberrant valve leaflet size, or changed valve leaflet shape. Although any of the four valves—mitral, aortic, tricuspid, or pulmonary—can be impacted, these anomalies most frequently affect the aortic or pulmonary valves.

The valve may be completely absent or nonfunctional (atresia), fail to open completely (stenosis), or close completely (regurgitation), depending on the lesion. This interferes with regular blood flow, making the heart work harder and perhaps causing chamber enlargement, heart failure, or, in extreme situations, cyanosis.

Ebstein's abnormality, tricuspid atresia, pulmonary stenosis, and bicuspid aortic valve are common congenital valve disorders. While some patients arrive with cardiac murmurs, exhaustion, dyspnoea, or fainting, many are asymptomatic at birth and are diagnosed later in childhood or adulthood.

Echocardiography, physical examinations, and occasionally cardiac MRIs or catheterizations are used to make the diagnosis. Depending on the age and severity of the problem, treatment options include balloon valvuloplasty, valve repair, or surgical replacement in addition to routine monitoring and medication management.