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Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA) is a rare but critical congenital heart defect present at birth, in which the two main arteries leaving the heart—the aorta and pulmonary artery—are switched in position. This abnormal arrangement causes oxygen-poor blood to circulate through the body while oxygen-rich blood repeatedly returns to the lungs, leading to severe oxygen deficiency. Babies born with TGA often develop bluish skin discoloration (cyanosis), rapid breathing, poor feeding, and extreme fatigue shortly after birth. The exact cause is not always known, but genetic and environmental factors during pregnancy may contribute.

Diagnosis is commonly confirmed using Echocardiography, which provides detailed images of the heart’s structure and blood flow. Immediate treatment is essential and may include medications, oxygen support, or a temporary procedure to improve blood mixing before surgery. The definitive treatment is usually an arterial switch operation performed during the first few weeks of life to restore normal blood circulation. With early diagnosis, timely surgical correction, and long-term follow-up, most children with Transposition of Great Arteries can survive and lead healthy, active lives into adulthood.