Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a circulatory condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, most commonly the legs. This restricted blood flow can cause symptoms such as leg pain while walking (claudication), numbness, weakness, or slow-healing wounds. PAD is often a result of atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits build up in artery walls. Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol. Left untreated, PAD can lead to severe complications like critical limb ischemia or increased risk of heart attack and stroke.

Diagnosis typically involves physical exams, ankle-brachial index tests, or imaging studies. Treatment focuses on lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, exercising regularly, and eating a heart-healthy diet. Medications may be prescribed to manage blood pressure, cholesterol, or prevent blood clots. In severe cases, surgical interventions like angioplasty or bypass surgery may be necessary. Early detection and management are crucial to improving the quality of life and preventing serious complications.