Medical Services

Overview
Mitral valve stenosis is a cardiac condition where the mitral valve, located between the left atrium and left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stiffened. This restricts blood flow, forcing the heart to work harder and leading to pressure buildup in the left atrium and lungs. Most cases stem from rheumatic heart disease, particularly in developing regions.

Symptoms
Common signs include shortness of breath during activity or lying down, fatigue, heart palpitations, swollen feet, and cough with possible blood. Severe cases may involve chest pain, fainting, or irregular rhythms like atrial fibrillation. Symptoms often emerge between ages 15-40 but can appear anytime.

This illustration clearly depicts the narrowed mitral valve obstructing blood flow in the heart.

Causes and Diagnosis

Rheumatic fever is the primary cause, scarring the valve over time; other factors include congenital defects or calcification in older adults. Diagnosis involves echocardiography to measure valve area and pressure gradients, often revealing a characteristic heart murmur.

Treatment
Medications manage symptoms like diuretics for fluid or beta-blockers for rhythms, but don't cure it. Procedures like balloon valvuloplasty widen the valve, while severe cases require surgical repair or replacement. Early intervention prevents complications like heart failure or stroke.