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 “Cardiogenic” shock is a life-threatening medical emergency when the heart suddenly can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. It occurs most typically after a big heart attack — especially one that damages a major chunk of cardiac muscle. When blood circulation is diminished, vital organs, such as the brain, kidneys, and liver, may not get enough oxygen and nutrients. This can lead to organ failure if not treated.

Common symptoms are severe chest pain, quick breathing, cold or clammy skin, weak pulse, disorientation, low blood pressure, less urine output, and significant weakness. Patients may also experience dizziness or fainting due to inadequate blood flow. Coronary artery disease, prior heart attacks, diabetes, ageing and other chronic heart problems are risk factors.

The diagnosis is usually made using electrocardiography (ECG), blood testing, echocardiography and cardiac catheterisation to establish the underlying cause and the extent of heart damage. Treatment aims to restore blood flow and improve the function of the heart. Doctors may utilise supportive drugs for blood pressure, oxygen therapy, ventilators, angioplasty with stenting or mechanical support devices such as intra-aortic balloon pumps.

Early diagnosis and proper medical management markedly enhance survival and limit consequences of cardiogenic shock.