Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

Acute Coronary Syndrome is a serious heart condition caused by a sudden reduction or complete blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. It includes medical emergencies such as unstable angina and heart attacks, including NSTEMI and STEMI. ACS usually develops due to rupture of fatty plaques inside the coronary arteries, leading to blood clot formation and restricted circulation. Common symptoms include severe chest pain or pressure, pain radiating to the arm, neck, jaw, or back, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, nausea, and extreme fatigue. Some patients, especially women, elderly individuals, and diabetics, may experience atypical symptoms.

Risk factors for ACS include smoking, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high cholesterol, stress, sedentary lifestyle, and family history of heart disease. Immediate medical attention is essential because delayed treatment can permanently damage the heart muscle and increase the risk of life-threatening complications. Diagnosis may involve ECG, blood tests, echocardiography, and coronary angiography. Treatment options include medications, oxygen therapy, angioplasty with stent placement, and lifestyle modification. Early diagnosis and timely intervention significantly improve survival rates and help prevent recurrent cardiac events.