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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common cardiovascular disease caused by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. Atherosclerosis, a disease involving the buildup of fatty deposits, cholesterol, and plaque inside the walls of arteries, is often the cause of this ailment. The heart is not getting enough oxygen. Reduced blood flow leads to heart symptoms and damage.

The most common symptom of CAD is angina, or a sensation of chest discomfort or pressure that may radiate to the shoulders, neck, jaw, or arms. You may also have shortness of breath, exhaustion, dizziness, nausea, or an irregular pulse. In extreme circumstances, a complete cessation of blood supply can result in a heart attack due to CAD.

Risk factors include smoking, diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, cholesterol, stress, lack of exercise, bad eating habits, and a family history of heart disease. Diagnosis often includes ECG, stress testing, echocardiography, CT angiography and coronary angiography.

Treatment includes lifestyle modifications, medications, angioplasty with stenting, and coronary artery bypass graft surgery to improve blood flow and prevent problems. Timely diagnosis and preventive therapy can greatly improve cardiac function and quality of life.