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Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) is a common birth defect in the heart. It happens when there is an abnormal opening in the septum that separates the heart's lower chambers (ventricles). This problem lets blood with a lot of oxygen from the left ventricle flow into the right ventricle. This makes the heart work too vigorously and sends more blood to the lungs.

How serious VSD is depends on how big and where the opening is. Small defects might not show any signs at all, and they usually close on their own in early childhood. But bigger defects can cause symptoms like rapid breathing, trouble eating, slow growth, tiredness, and frequent lung infections, especially in babies.
A big VSD can cause problems like pulmonary hypertension, heart failure, or damage to the heart valves if it is not treated. Echocardiography, a chest X-ray, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) are common tests used to find out the size and effect of the defect.

The treatment depends on how severe the problem is. Some small VSDs may only need to be watched closely, but larger ones may need medicine to control symptoms or surgery to repair the hole. Finding problems early and treating them correctly leads to better heart function and better long-term health.